Tonsil stones, or tonsilloliths, are small white or yellowish lumps that form in the crevices of the tonsils. They’re made of a mix of dead cells, trapped food particles, mucus, and bacteria. While they may seem harmless at first, these stones can cause discomfort and some very unpleasant symptoms, especially when they grow larger or become frequent.

The most common and frustrating symptom of tonsil stones is persistent bad breath, or halitosis. This foul odor is caused by sulfur-producing bacteria that thrive in the mouth and tonsils. People with tonsil stones may also experience a sensation of something stuck in their throat, mild throat pain, or trouble swallowing. Sometimes, the stones are visible as small white or yellow spots on the tonsils.

Treating tonsil stones often starts with good oral hygiene. Brushing your teeth and tongue thoroughly, staying hydrated, and gargling with salt water or mouthwash can help prevent and reduce the formation of these stones. If a stone is visible and easily reachable, it can be gently removed with a cotton swab. However, care should be taken not to injure the sensitive tonsil tissue.

In more severe or recurring cases, medical intervention may be necessary. Antibiotics can help reduce bacterial buildup, and for those with chronic issues, a tonsillectomy — the surgical removal of the tonsils — may be recommended. If tonsil stones are causing consistent discomfort, it’s wise to consult an ENT (ear, nose, and throat) specialist for proper evaluation and long-term solutions.