Swollen legs, or edema, happen when excess fluid collects in the tissues of the lower limbs, making them look puffy, tight, or heavy. This condition can affect one or both legs and may vary from mild to severe. Recognizing the symptoms, understanding the causes, and knowing the treatment options can help manage the issue effectively and prevent further health problems.

Common symptoms include visible swelling in the feet, ankles, or legs; skin that feels stretched or shiny; aching or heaviness; and indentations that remain when the area is pressed (known as pitting edema). Swelling can also reduce mobility and cause discomfort or stiffness.

There are many causes of leg swelling. These include injuries or infections, venous insufficiency (when blood doesn’t flow properly back to the heart), and serious conditions like heart, kidney, or liver disease. Certain medications, such as steroids or blood pressure drugs, may also cause swelling. Other triggers include pregnancy and sitting or standing still for long periods.

Treatment often involves a combination of approaches. Elevating the legs, wearing compression socks, and staying active can help. Reducing salt in your diet and managing any underlying health conditions is also important. If the swelling comes on suddenly, is painful, or is paired with shortness of breath, it’s essential to see a doctor promptly.