As global tensions continue rising, many Americans are once again discussing the possibility of a military draft in the United States. Concerns have grown due to conflicts in the Middle East, the ongoing war in Ukraine, increasing cyberattacks, and fears surrounding nuclear weapons and artificial intelligence in warfare. Speculation intensified after reports of joint U.S. and Israeli strikes inside Iran and growing instability between major world powers. Although former President Donald Trump dismissed the idea of mandatory military service as unrealistic, public anxiety remains high. Surveys show many people in Europe and the United States fear another world war could occur within the next decade. Despite the United States ending active conscription in 1973, the legal structure for a draft still exists through the Selective Service System. Men between 18 and 25 are currently required to register, regardless of immigration status, so the government could quickly expand the military during a national emergency. Beginning in late 2026, registration is expected to become automatic through federal databases, marking one of the biggest changes to the system in decades.

If a military draft were ever activated again, the government would use a lottery system to decide the order of induction. Under current rules, men turning 20 during the draft year would likely be selected first, followed by those aged 21 through 25 before younger registrants became eligible. However, being selected would not automatically place someone into combat. Every individual would still undergo medical examinations, background checks, and eligibility screenings before service. Several exemptions and deferments could also apply. Women currently are not required to register unless Congress changes the law. Individuals with major physical or mental health conditions may be disqualified, while conscientious objectors could qualify for noncombat or public service roles. Students, parents, caregivers, and workers in critical industries such as healthcare, cybersecurity, engineering, and artificial intelligence may also receive deferments depending on national needs. While there are currently no official plans to reinstate conscription, experts say the Selective Service System remains in place because military planners believe a large-scale global conflict could overwhelm the volunteer armed forces if such a crisis ever occurred.